Persuasive Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persuasive Letter - Essay exercise confabulation Solutions for the last five years and prior work experience at the procurement segment at the Cortland County brass offices not only present me as an ideal representative of our organization in the deal, but also opens a new chapter for our customer experience if my application goes through.Basing my application from an internal place of the two organizations party to the contract, my conversance with the systems of operation regarding procurement objectives at Cortland County Government and sales objectives at Lintech Communication Solutions will assist me to negotiate the best deal out of the contract. In light of the past circumstances causing revocation of rather lucrative contracts, it rout out squarely be blamed on the drop of understanding between Lintech Communication Solutions representative and our clients. As past management reports confirm, such failure can be attributed to a poor customer experience based on misunde rstanding of the two systems of operation. Having been a part of the two contractual organizations, my representation of Lintech Communication Solutions at the initiation dialogs can guarantee success to this end. The familiarity that I have with the County Government officials is a valuable bargaining beginning for our organization.Besides my strategic good with conversance, my recent engagements on behalf of Lintech Communication Solutions have been in contracts of installation of video conferencing equipment for three different county political relation offices. All of these projects can be rated one of the best for the entire country and Lintech Communication Solutions, since the Federal Government rolled out the video conferencing plan for all government offices. Having taken part in the buffer projects that have had such success presents me as the ideal candidate for yet another successful negotiation for our organization. These deals were allocated to us amid a competiti ve backdrop crowded by numerous

Blog and nots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blog and nots - Essay ExampleThe text is also to a greater extent allusive, drawing on texts from various Mexican corridors and French feminist theory.Anzaldua character traits are of great enormousness for any philosophy of the social, within the writing. Critical insights of figures like of Derrida and Nietzsche as it relates to individual identity crafted out of a fractured heritage (Anzaldua). The author information is that, borders all lenders given that the human condition entails being stretched across the chasm of self-alterity. It is through and through full identification of this can a major inventory of the self-operate that is a prerequisite for the responsibility and real care for oneself. In addition, the book opens up doors of consciousness for many in their own spiritual as well as a creative life. I, therefore, strongly recommend that one should read the book at night before sleeping. It is a literature that expands the dreams of consciousness.In a semi-autobiograp hical account, Anzaldua agrees with her Chicana lesbian identity to appreciate the components of its existence. In addition, authors lesbian nature has traces of both female and male characters, but Anzaldua culture is a mixture of many different cultures and races. By employing English and Spanish in the writing, the author demonstrates that the literature of Chicana cannot be in one language. Cultural identity is of great importance to Anzaldua but claims that culture of individuals in tycoon referring to men. Males make laws and the rules, laws, but it is women who transmit them. By going beyond the limits of either Mexican or American culture, Chicana literature gives a voice to individuals of the borderland.Apart from the physical border between Mexico and America, as well as the linguistic border between English and Spanish, Anzaldua also explains the boundaries of gender and sexuality in

Visitor and destination management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Visitor and destination management plan - Essay lessonThe Canary Islands consist of Isla de granny Canaria, Isla de Tenerife, Isla de la Palma, Isla de la Gomera, Isla de El Hierro, Isla de Alegranza, and Isla de Fuerteventura. Tourism is one of the main gross source for the isands, with Gran Canaria and Tenerife attracting the most visitors, however, tourism abounds throughout the chain (McLeod, 1999).The Canary Islands, which shall focus on Gran Canaria of the island chain, as the subject location for this study of tourism and destination management in that the location is sound known as well as offered suitable information that is available to enable an examination of the varied points to be addressed herein.In examining visitor and destination management, an understanding of the term is necessary to position it indoors this study. The Association of Destination Management Executives defines destination management as professional management that specialises in the stick out and delivery of events, activities, tours, staffing and transportation, possessing and utilising extensive topical anesthetic knowledge, expertise and resources (Lee, 1998). The World Trade Organisation Business Council advises that the current thin out in almost all regions of the world is towards semi-public but autonomous tourism organizations involving a partnership with both(prenominal) private sector and regional and/ or local authorities (George Washington University, 2003). The preceding marks a distinct departure from the past as the roles as well as responsibilities of the private sector and governments have a bun in the oven undergone a significant change in that the state no longer has the main responsibility for the increase and promotion of tourism (George Washington University, 2003). The new situation calls for the alignment of both interests due to the huge scotch ramifications of tourism that requires cooperation and planning between the state, local governm ents, the private business sector, as well as local communities in the crafting of long range plans concerning infrastructure investment, that consists of airport, transport, road, energy delivery, and related improvements as well as abroad investment attraction for hotels, general and specific industries (World Travel and Tourism Organisation, 1999). The fact

Direct and marketing communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Direct and selling communication - move ExampleAnthony Menswear preserves a comfortable shopping environment for customers so that it can provide blessedness to customers (Anthony Menswear, Anthony Independent Menswear Cambridge UK). The apparel industry in the UK is highly competitive with some(prenominal) big players, and it is vital for Anthony Menswear to alteration the marketing system in order to increase the customer base. Managing good relationship is one of the conquest factors for Anthony Menswear to sustain in this competitive business environment. Therefore, the paper will attempt to establish and implement marketing communication plan for Anthony Menswear so that it can improve the direct relationship with the customers. Further, the paper will likewise focus on the importance of moral force Customer Relationship Management (DCRM) theory and apply the AIMRITE and SOSTAC framework to evaluate the choices. Dynamic Customer Relationship Management (DCRM) Theory Now adays, effective customer relationship vigilance (CRM) has become a strategic imperative for organizations in all business sectors, especially in retail apparel industry. In order to generate more value for the brands and for the customers, organizations are attempting to maintain a stuffy relationships with the customers and thus using huge amount of money in CRM activities. Anthony Menswear will gain effectiveness if it focuses only if on attaining more customers rather than obtaining higher market share. The major aspect for enhancing customer relationship in Anthony Menswear is through with(predicate) discovering information sharing, creating faith and pledge between relationship participants (Park & Kim, A Framework Of Dynamic CRM Linking Marketing With Information Strategy). In Dynamic CRM, organizations not only focus on political partys and customers profits but also concentrate on relationships for future advantages. Customers should be measured as an investment and a n asset for organizations. CRM has emerged as one of the crucial marketing activities for companies functioning in dynamic technical atmosphere. CRM can be regarded as an inclusive tactic and procedure of obtaining, retaining and associating with worthy customers in order to develop bigger value for the organization as well as the brand. In present days, CRM has developed as a method of preserving positive and commercial relations. Customer Touch Points The tally station is considered as the point of interaction among the customers or the vision of organizations business. In apparel industry, touch is vital aspect for wooing customers. agree to the observation of Stine & Et. Al., touch point is the point at which products are purchased (Singh & Lamba, Maintaining CRM in Apparel Retailing through Touch Points A Factor Analysis Approach). It comprises of television advertisements and word-of-mouth among others. In Anthony Menswear, the major touch points are products and informati on sources. Anthony Menswear provides quality and ranges of products to the customers therefore the organization needs to develop the information management system. Presently, several customers are influenced by modern kinds of information sources such as internet, social networking, and television advert

David Foster Wallace is on YouTube giving the commencement address at Essay

David Foster Wallace is on YouTube giving the commencement address at Kenyon College, a vernacular that when published, is called T - Essay ExampleAs a function of seeking to understand this break outicular saving and a more effective manner, the following analysis will take a nuanced approach, incorporating criticism, re run into, and analysis of Wallace is pronouncements in the hopes that the reader will gain a more informed understanding with respect to the approach that he champions and the relevance of the information that he presents. Wallace stliberal arts by discussing the experience of life exhorting the tender to construct meaning and constitute relevance from the otherwise mundane and seemingly pointless activities that all human beings, regardless of their socioeconomic status, race, or ethnic origin, must engage as a function of living. From there, the author delves into the issue of what a light arts education actually means de noning that the education itself mean s nothing. Rather, the ultimate meaning that is derived from a big(p) arts education is solely contingent upon what the somebody has the potential to do with it. However, the author strongly encourages the listener to avoid a type of arrogance maintaining critical awareness in its stead. Whereas it is true, as a Wallace states, that human race is ultimately designed with the several(prenominal) experience as the only measurement through which understanding enkindle be accomplished, seeking to define the world through such a selfish viewpoint inescapably decreases the degree of empathy and understanding that an individual might otherwise exhibit (Boswell 368). As a function of this, Wallace encourages the individual with regards to what they should pay attention to defining the debate within oneself and utilizing the liberal arts education as a means of affecting this. As such, not becoming detached, not refusing reality because it is painful, sad, monotonous, or mundane, and co ntinually use a right and will towards thinking come to be the prime mechanisms through which Wallace point of view can most reasonably be affected (Veggian 99). In effect, what Wallace is promoting is an understanding of the circumstance that thinking is a choice and should not be an automatic setting albeit a choice that a liberal arts education necessarily encourages. Finally, hammering this point home further, Wallace discusses the necessity of not being lulled into a content routine. Rather, seeking out thinking and utilizing the experiences and knowledge that are gained from a liberal arts education is not only an opportunity but in fact something of a calling that each and every individual that experiences such an education and can draw upon it must necessarily engage. The irony of all of this has to do with the fact that even though each of these points is effectively expounded upon by Wallace, the author and speaker himself ultimately committed suicide in 2008 (Fest 127). Although the events surrounding his suicide remained largely misunderstood, it is the view of this particular author that Wallace was unable to ascribe to the laid-back standard of open-mindedness, compassion, and a sense of selflessness that he promoted to the audience within the commencement address. However, this inability upon Wallace part should not be understood as an effective dismissal of the

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW - Essay Example on that point ar interesting facts about Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in a number of fields manage agriculture and genetic resources, protection of traditional knowledge, and the role of copyrights in software and the lucre. Economists should find the discussion of internet copyrights especially fertile ground for research. For example, various researches raise concerns about the potential for European database protection and copyright-related restraints on fair use of research and teaching materials to limit entranceway of scientists and students in developing countries to electronic materials. At the same time, well-structured copyrights could expand the scope for beneficial price discrimination in such materials.Economists claim that the critical discussion about dexterous property has two main weaknesses. First, it takes for granted that blame-sharing technologies can beand areused for the purposes of producing content as we ll as consuming it, without articulating explicitly the connections and implications for writing, creativity, and production online. Second, it tends to center alike myopically on classroom uses and practices, and too little on public discourse about copyright and intellectual property. While reviewing the scholarly work about penning Economists states that it falls along three lines of inquiry authorship as a construct, which archeologically examines the historic formation of the author digital authorship, which shows how the idea of authorship is called into question when considered in the context of computing and online practices and authorship code, which critiques corporate authorship and the use of computer code to block access to content (e.g., digital rights management or DRM). (Reyman, 2010) Economists are primarily concerned with the public discourse regarding file sharing, as found in legal briefs, the written opinions of the

SD# 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SD 3 - Essay ExampleConsequently, the monetary prize of the firm, as expressed through the financial statement, incorporates these factors to ensure that the come with is responsible and maintains a healthy family relationship with the environment for a future success. When a firm fails to leave better services or pollutes the environment, the resulting payoff provide affect its reputation and operations, thus threatening its existence.The purpose of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) is to provide a holistic model that gives a comprehensive view of the firm operations and business strategies. Specifically, the programme uses both the financial and nonfinancial information to establish the effectiveness of the business in maintaining a workable and sustainable business environment (IIRC n.p.). As expressed in its vision, the IIRC intends to embed integrated thinking in the business practices to make it a corporate reporting norm that leads to efficient and productive capital allocation. Consequently, this will lead the company to financial stability and sustainability in its operations. Therefore, the purpose of the IIRC is to improve business reporting to revitalize public trust in businesses, enhance investors confidence, and ensure efficient capital allocation in the economy for a sustainable and stable business environment (IIRC n.p.).The stock exchange market is a dynamic industry that changes drastically due to various factors such as public perception of the company or a negative assessment of the firm by an external entity. Therefore, for the NASDAQ exchange market to take account a business, it must have holistic and comprehensive information about the company. Specifically, that does not only hatch its financial performance but also its nonfinancial activities that are crucial in determining its future performance in the stock exchange. The profitability of a business depends on strategic management and companionable

Should the voting age in the UK be reduced to 16 years of age Essay

Should the voting age in the UK be reduced to 16 years of age - Essay ExampleAnd up till at one time, the prohibiting teenagers from the voting has original reasonably little attention in public discussion. (Shrag, 2004) Only an approximately 40% of 1824 year-olds voted in the general election in 2001. Only an estimated 11.5% of 1824 year-olds voted in the local elections in 2002. (www.neath-porttalbot.gov.uk) There be several reasons for these low numbers.Some individuals think that by lowering the voting and standing(a) age would be a step forward to give confidence more young heap to take interest in elections. While the others think that younger people do not until now have enough considerate of issues like tax and public services to be permitted to a vote or stand as a candidate. The criteria for voting age restriction in most of the countries atomic number 18 18. Some other countries have different age restriction of voting like, 20 and 21. A hardly a(prenominal) other c ountries have lowered the age restriction to 16 or 17.On the other hand, more or less countries have a lower voting age for local level elections than for national elections. Those who say we should adjudge the age limitations as they are saying that the related voting age in nearly altogether other countries means we have got it right. People think that only people over eighteen are mature enough and actually take political issues seriously. Right now, people are thinking whether or not xvi-years old should be able to vote. Some people think that at the age of sixteen the teens are not old and mature enough to vote in an election. The truth is, they should be able to vote. (Franklin, 2004, 45-56) At the age of sixteen, it is only 2 years away from eighteen, and thats not a very big of a difference. Teens in any case know what is right and wrong, do not have to wait until eighteen, the legal age. They also have the right for political parties to give serious

International Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

International Business - Assignment recitationThe strategy that keeps IKEA to its position is through refreshing and renewing their service model.IKEA has a unique approach to convey with its customers as it employs a self-serving method. Customers make choices on the product, picks them from the shelves and assembles them at their at home on their own. self-service is a rare approach in the furniture businesses, but the customers choose to apply the approach cod the low prices offered.IKEA is a corporation often described as the prototypical Teflon multinational. Some describes the lodge as quintessential global cult brand which has a democratic culture. For instance, at a troupe dinner employees take dinner first, followed by the managers, directors and lastly Ingvar Kamprad. Kamprad emphasized on a matrix row of organization which is an informal, nonhierarchical and team-based organization. This kind of an organization has an open flow of information and knowledge within sol ely stages of management.The current organizational structure can be described as highly functional, with an international commercialize strategy. Therefore, IKEA maintains a centralized control over functional activities as well as taking emolument of low cost and good quality furniture from the international suppliers. In addition, control over strategical direction has been developed, and functional layoffs are minimized. To ensure the effectiveness of the logistics process, IKEA has integrated distribution and purchasing process to a lower place one umbrella function. The significance of centralized strategic direction will rise as IKEA confront to expand overseas (Capell, 2005).IKEA has found its strength in providing highly functional and quality products at a low price. Moreover, the company has been able to establish a market brand name and a state of grace that is essentially instrumental to the performance of the organization. On top of that, the company has an effic ient value

Corporate Cash holding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Cash retention - Essay ExampleThe suitability of a new model must be determined forrader carrying out any tests owing to the complex nature of the measurements involved. The correlations will need to be carried out mingled with loss sens and dividend payouts as well as between loss dummy and firm surface and positive relationships will need to be determined (see Appendix 4 for reference). This means that large firms be more likely to be without loss while also managing to pay dividends, an observation consistent with the results obtained by most researchers and providing evidence that the loss dummy variable can function as a representative for financial restraints.In line with the other various researchers, we found out that firms which incur a loss, most of the times hold more cash than financially stable firms. Further examination into the correlation between loss dummy, the investing opportunity and cash hang up unpredictability, we were able to found out that a ban correlation exists between loss dummy and the investment opportunity as well as a negative correlation between loss dummy and cash flow volatility. From this examination we can fall upon that financial constraints (loss dummy=0) have a positive relationship with cash flow volatility investment opportunity set (see Appendix 5). Financial constrained firms should hold some cash so that they be able to invest in investment projects which are profitable.The estimate models show us that cash flow volatility does in fact affect a firms cash holdings. Cash volatility differs from industry to industry and in order to depict this, we add a dummy variable, industry, into our model so as to determine the differences in cash holdings in each industry. The variable for industry, I, shall be used in out sample meaning that for the 32 industries listed in the London Stock Exchange, we would need to create 21(k-1) dummy variables.According to the results of the test, we can see that not a ll dummy variables are of significance. The ones that

Sustainability supply chain management Research Paper

Sustainability summate mountain cooking stove management - Research Paper guinea pigGenerally, such pressures tend to reverberate alongside an organizations tack chain, especially the big multinationals preferably dealing consumer ground products (Carter & Easton, 2011). As of today, public scrutiny is on the rise as consumers are currently aware of the particular that not only the final product that needs close observation, but to a fault the supply chain used by an organization requires close monitoring. This paper will seek to research on sustainability, supply chain management, and bring out factors affecting the functioning of a supply chain. Many supply gyves among different industries tend to absorb various external pressures, which traditionally act as a responsive stance to industries supply chains. However, several examples exist whereby a number of supply chains used by numerous organizations introduce instruments suitable for rolling out suitable and sustainable s upply chains (Elsevier, 2008). honest evidence from approved sources maintain that sustainable supply chain management is that which seeks to put into place socially responsible and green proactive products into the identified market. Additionally, such supply chain management introduces performing, competitive, and environmentally grateful processes into organizations supply chain. ... anages and cooperate the flow of information and materials of a company effectively, it is true to adduce that, sustainable supply chain management revolves along three dimensions namely stakeholder, economic, and social requirements. This shows that, sustainable supply chain management takes into account the requirements of a stakeholder, economy, environment, and society (Carter & Easton, 2011). Nevertheless, it is crucial to note that for the social and environmental criteria to die hard active in an organizations supply chain, supply chain members must fulfill the construction of competitive ness via meeting the needs of customers and related economic criteria. Attributively, as theories and principles of management linked closely with sustainable supply chains continue to advance, requirement for extra or rather additional critical abstract and investigation arises to comprehend further the issue. As part of looking for ways to understand better the field of sustainable and supply chain management, this research sought to identify a number of opportunities that needed investigation. some of them include reviews of particular lines of development concerning the intersection of supply chain management and sustainability. Furthermore, case studies or experiential fields of companies as well as other initiatives of chain actors whose aim is to enhance aspects of sustainability issues needed a closer outlook (Elsevier, 2008). Cases and concepts considered during integration of particularly relevant sustainability issues within the supply chain management also proved to require research as this field is maturing rapidly. Particularly, contributions brought about by the three dimensions of sustainability and supply chain management sounded imperative to carry out a research on them

Stategy And Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stategy And Change - Essay ExampleAccepting the fact that potpourri is inevitable individuals and businesses carry directed effort to equip for change management than resisting to retain current status. Change management, simply stating implies efforts and mechanism employed for the meeting the demanding pressures of adaptability from change. Jung (2001) outlined change management as transition from one stage of globe to the other. In accordance with Jung (2001) the stage from which the individual and business are attempting to move from can be defined as the state of fuss whereas the state to which the efforts are intended to direct the subject is the state of problem solution. Change management is broad domain of study. Change management can be required in the product portfolio, business processes, presidencyal culture, people, technology, structure and so on so forth (Daft and Marcic, 2006). Each aforementioned sub- domain, though not limited to, has its own expansions. For instance the change management in the technological domain has been among factors that redeem taken lead in todays organisational context. ... team ground structure from traditional formats of increase hierarchy levels. Apart from the change management in various components of business another classification of change has been emergent change and the plan change. Former refers to the situation where business on whole or the processes are forced to change with the changing business environment. The latter mode of change is one in which organisation deliberately plan to change. For pattern, organisations in the contemporary business world are forced to infiltrate efficiencies in their business puzzle that are mere necessary for survival. Marks and Spencer being among the most preferred brands of UK confront steep decline in sales in 1990 due to increased low cost offerings in UK market from competitors having manufacturing set ups in cheap labour emerging markets. In contrast to M&S strategy of providing Made in UK incurred increased cost. Therefore, M&S had to adapt to change with business model shifting manufacturing from local country to low cost emerging countries. While be after change example can be seen as todays businesses are moving towards sustainable business models such(prenominal) as improving entire business processes to energy efficient process or using renewable energy etc. Planned change has significant distinction from the other changes mainly. As name implies the planned change is intentionally initiated by the people for particular purpose. Further also noticeable fact is that planned change has preparations done and planned it accordingly. However, even within planned change the response to change varies such as some change implementation requires autocratic imposition whereas participative methodology is also adopted based on the wide range of

Feed Resources Recovery Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Feed Resources Recovery - Case Study grammatical caseHe moved on to the Laurence Candle where he invented a renewable wax candle, a dodging that increased the organizations profitability. At this time, he realized his weakness in Accounting and he enrolled for a fall outstrip in business administration. His experience and knowledge seems to be the driving force towards creation of his anaerobic digester. after(prenominal) market research, he identifies the marketability and the economic feasibility of his product in the country. He finds it quite hard to fancy an investor to fund his task and when he is able to speak with a potential investor, Wal-Mart, he is turned trim for his drops large payback period. Finally, when he is able to win a grant, he finds it difficult to implement his design. Resultantly, he is forced to engage a partnership with Ryan, an engineer, who develops the prototype for product share of 20%. From the financial report generated, the project is expe cted to have a payback period of two historic period and net earnings of 14% by the end of the fourth year. Although the market is dominated by some other multi-million company, Ryan feels that accessing local raw material for his digester plan will help him to differentiate from the big organization and so remain profitable in the long run. Critical Issues Market Problems Shanes project is subject to many forces that are threatening his survival in the market. Although his project is a solution to the problems of the people, the project is suited for profit-constrained market. Consequently, he expects lean profits in the project and hence the project is expected to have a long payback period. Secondly, it is a big challenge to convince his customers that the project is viable unless he is able to gird his prototype. This is bound to pose challenges to the business after its launch and the product can only gain customers in the long run. Additionally, has a dominant competitor, Waste Management Company, who has invested over $13billion dollars in a central imbed and supplies gas to consumers over long distances (Blank 12). Financial Problems In Shanes Plan, the project cannot take off until he is able to garner $250, 000 required to build the prototype (Blank 11). While he was won a a couple of(prenominal) awards, the money cannot suffice the capital demanded by the project. The pick of confronting friends and relatives has been viable yet a very lessen process that would delay the project along its projected manner. Investors are not willing to fund the project until the team is able to build a prototype and to define the feasibility of the project. Consequently, Ryan and Shane need to identify alternative sources of finance in order to be able to build their prototype without altering the critical path of the project. Strategic problems The project plan laid down by Shane indicates a number of strategic think weaknesses that are likely to create p roblems along the implementation process. There is evidence of a drawback in the viability of the project as measured by its output power. When Shane conducts a feasibility study, he finds that the project is not eligible for the Grant that Massachusetts Technology Collaborative offers to a company that would produce over 50KW of power (Blank 13). This points out that the projects need to target more raw

Marketing Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing - Literature review ExampleAlso, the study analyzes how ware berth is utilized in different TV shows and movies in, different countries. Also, the literature review will look at the effects of the harvest-tide placement on the consumer behavior and how likely are the product placement to change consumers mode of buy a certain commodity. It is crucial for people to know how to use product placement positively (Johnson, 2009). result placement is the use of diverse types of media to make people conscious of different products and services when they are amused through watching. Its development dates back upto 1896, when it was used by Lumiere brothers in their short film washing daytime in Switzerland and they advertised soap. It was introduced by Henri Lavancy who was the film director and publicist for the soap company but, it became popular in the 1930s when the sound movie was introduced. For example, in 1934 in the movie, It happened One Night, the star Clarke Gabl e featured mere(a) chest and sale of mens shirts reduced therefore, use of the movie is a strong son of a bitch of product placement (Johnson, 2009). It gained popularity with the years, but in 1980s, it became more successful when the movie Extra Terrestrial by Steven Spielberg advertised Reese Pieces and increased its sales by 65%. The 80s was the turning point of product placement where there was a working partnership between the movies and the commercial sector. According to Mary-Lou, product placement is necessary because moviemakers need money for their movie production therefore, they will turn to the commercial sector to endure the money and them to provide the services of product placement (Johnson, 2009). Product placement in Sweden developed in the 1990s when the real first commercial commenced, this was due to strict government regulations on media operations. It has been embraced in the recent past, for example, where TV shows get sponsorship from the commercial sec tor in SVT. In Kanal 5, the home improvement show manner Service was sponsored Marlamastana which is the trading association of painters. To the broadcasters this is a way of decreasing costs. Therefore, all media houses in Sweden are determination it important to use product placement also the moviemakers are finding it important to advertise in movies which is becoming popular day by day, for example, in the movie Hamilton 1998 sponsored by Statoil. Product placement in Seinfeld and other TV shows, in the TV show they use product placement in their issue making them come in a unique way. They have registered success in advertising. Also, in the pack Bond movies, product placement has been used to show new car models and gadgets (Johnson, 2009). Product placement bottom be unethical when it brings negative influence like smoking, use of guns. For example, teens tend to smoke if the influential stars in movies do so. In conclusion, product placement has become popular since its inception in the 1930s. It is important increase consumers knowledge of products. The product placement is embraced in most parts of the world. Also, product placement is an important utensil in todays business where the movie makers use it as a source of sponsorship eyepatch commercial industry view it as a source of publicity and a way to combust their market. The Product Involvement Inventory (PII), developed in 1985 by Zaichkowsky is a good measure at construct development. It has shown

Google Monopoly Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Google Monopoly - Term Paper ExampleIt delivers the worlds run search engine, the most pop mobile operating system and the best advertising platform in the world (Reisinger 2010). As the companys popularity delayd to spread, Google was able to acquire other companies, which only served to continue its explosive growth. As it has been reported,Google acquired several small companies to develop products for itself. In 2007, YouTube, an online video site, was acquired Several other acquired companies allow Keyhole Inc. (Earth Viewer, later developed into Google Earth), Adaptive Path (weblog statistics application), JotSpot (wiki developer technology for collaborative websites), DoubleClick, and Postini (enterprise message security and compliance). (Gudimallan, 2009).Google is very popular indeed. Any company who desires to overthrow the reign of Google will have a hard time succeeding. For this effort it is easy to assume at first glance that Google is a monopoly. It is likely that when most people opine of searching for something online, they think of Google first. The company has become somewhat of a gateway to the rest of the internet. Businesses that want to be successful online work hard to improve their ranking in Googles search results. However, in cast to determine with accuracy rather or not Google is indeed a monopoly the company must be viewed from the perspective of the law.The Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) was enacted to protect trade from those who would dominate it. Having a monopoly can be a bad thing for society. Laws were established to make them illegal. There are instances in which having a monopoly can be legal, however, the focus of this paper is not to call for condemnation of Google Inc. The company has clearly done a toilet of good for society. Yet, the company is a very powerful one and the possibility that it holds a monopoly, at to the lowest degree in some area, is

Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) - Lab Report physical exerciseed, high gain, voltage amplifier. They form the basis of a wide array of electronic tour of dutys, including amplifiers, buffers, comparators, and analogue-digital/digital-analogue converters. An op-amp is represented in schematic notation by the following symbol Figure 1 - Circuit Diagram cistron Where V+ and V- atomic number 18 the differential inputs, VS+ and VS-, are the dictatorial and negative supply voltages, and Vout is the output of the amplifier. While they are represented as a single element, op-amps are in fact composed of many circuit elements, and are ceremoniously sold as monolithically integrated silicon chips. 1.1 Origins and Development of the Operational Amplifier The useable amplifier crapper trace its origins back to fledgling telecommunications industry in the United States at the turn of the 19th century. With the intent of the teleph iodin, there was demand to carry electronic voice communic ations over longer and longer distances. The dispute was to build signal repeating equipment that minimized problems like distortion and crosstalk, so that multi-channel communications could be carried from one side of the country to the other. Advances in electronic equipment and amplifier design eventually led to the development of the runner operational amplifiers at Bell Labs in the 1940s. Vacuum tube devices were essential to the development of amplifier technology, because they made possible for the first time the non-linear manipulation of voltage and current. The Fleming Diode, patented in 1904 by J.A. Fleming 1, was the first major uncovering in this respect because it allowed for the rectification of current. Then in 1906, Lee De Forest 2 built upon this work with The Audion, a three-element triode pointlessness tube that was the first device capable of signal amplification. Amplifiers built in the following historic period suffered from stability problems, as they use d a positive feedback principle, and distortion due to the generation of harmonics by vacuum tubes. Harold Black 3, in 1927 while searching for a means of improving linearity and stability of currently-used positive feedback amplifiers, came up with the negative feedback amplifier principle. The idea of deliberately sacrificing gain in to improve stability ran counter to conventional ideas at the time, and it took 9 years for the original patent application to be accepted. Once implemented, however, the advantages of this approach right away became clear. Within a few years the theory for stable amplifier design was formalized by Nyquist and Bode, dickens names now synonymous with fundamental electrical engineering principles, during their work at Bell Labs. At this

The Tremendous Benefit of Using Hypnosis Essay Example for Free

The Tremendous Benefit of Using Hypnosis EssayHypnosis is a condition in which a person under a trance-like state (more likely compared to being half-asleep) responds to suggestions given by some other person with the exemption of self-hypnosis when no second person is needed for the experience. Accordingly, hypnosis does not depend on the exponent of the second person or the hypnotist rather, it depends on the ability of the person to experience hypnosis. Hypnosis is sometimes apply for medical purposes and its effect is greatly demonstrated especially in the field of pain relief. Another central and basic use of hypnosis is for improving behavior such as social interaction with others, self-confidence and self-esteem.When a person is under hypnosis, he is in a state of increased suggestibility and focused attention. With these factors at hand, a person is made to believe or feel what is needed to improve behavior. In the case of a person with low self-esteem, hypnosis help s in a way that it makes the person overcome his social and emotional hazard by auto suggesting positive reinforcements. The person is made to focus on the predilection that he force out do whatever others can and that he is someone very special. Given the right focus, the person receives the idea and thought that eventually translates to better conduct and performance.Hypnosis has many practical benefits aside from what is commonly depicted by the media. Although the founding concept of hypnosis is heightened suggestibility, it is not something as exaggerated as whats shown on tv or movies. Hypnosis can bring a lot of advantages to a persons physical, emotional and social skills through its idea of concentrating or focusing towards a certain subject (whatever is needed in the instance).

Role of management consultants Essay Example for Free

Role of steering consultants EssayThe oblige speaks slightly the role of management consultants in the present world. The demand for management consultants was brought about by the changes in assembly line trends and priorities as we are shifting towards globalization. However, the author continued that although there are several changes in the course situation brought about by modernization and globalization, the role of management consultants remain the same. It is their responsibility to make deal that business concern operations remain productive and efficient.Moreover, the responsibility of management consultants is to explore business situations in parliamentary procedure to determine problems or difficulties, and through careful processing and planning, make out resolutions in set out to contract barriers that hinder the growth of businesses. The author cited several important roles that management consultants must throw off the ability to suffer out and also characteristics that they should exhibit in order to provide beneficial services to their clients.The know-how and experience is super important in management consultancy. Management consultants should know a variety of business situations from simple to complex, and have access to extensive resources in order to work with their clients efficiently and fittingly. Goal-setting and planning are other roles of management consultants. Working together with their clients, they must be able to set a direction for the management by determining pressing needs and requirements.Management consultants must be able to use their knowledge, skills, and experiences to achieve the goals and objectives of the management. Moreover, consultants should endlessly be present to supervise, direct, and support the management in order to ensure that everything is going well as planned, and also to determine if there are some issues or concerns overlooked in the process. Another loveable quality of manage ment consultants is flexibility and adaptability.Consultants should be able to formulate plans and business solutions that are suitable to the business or the managements needs and concerns. Flexibility and adaptability means the ability to customize plans and business solutions, nevertheless at the same time be able to make changes as needed in order to make sure that the best possible solutions are carried out. In addition, management consultants should be able to financial aid the transition from management changes in an effortless way without causing much disturbance to the business setting.The article entirely speaks of the important of management consultants to management and supervision, and to the business organization as a whole. It is highly interest that the greatest influence is obtained most from the management consultants who are in charge of the management. With the ideas expressed in the article, the logical implication of management consultants is realized, espec ially in ensuring that management, supervision, and the business setting is well on its way to achieving its organizational mission, goals, and objectives.

Comparative Study of Maruti Suzuki & Hyundai Motors Essay Example for Free

Comparative Study of Maruti Suzuki Hyundai Motors EssaySince, this is a paid assistance may be other respondents would no. have asked for the said assistance. Since it is provided by the beau monde to every customer whosoever demands it. Q. 6 Do you find your fomite comfortable for a considerable journey? 6 out of 15 respondents do not find their vehicle comfortable for long journey. So it could be said that out of light speed customers 40 are satisfied with their vehicle in the above stated argumentation. Q. 7 Does your vehicle unavoidableness regular maintenance? 10 out of 15 respondents said that their vehicle needs regular maintenance. even 5 out of 15 dont feel that their vehicle needs maintenance.Q. 8 If disposed an opportunity will you diversify your vehicle to a similar model of another partnership? 8 out of 15 respondents will change their vehicle to a similar model of other company if they were given such opportunity. This parameter states that more than ha lf of the customers are unsatisfied with the overall performance of their vehicle. Q. 9 Electronic devices such as power windows, central locking system provided in your vehicle are up to the mark or not? All the 15 respondents are fully satisfied with the electronic devices, central locking provided in their vehicle.This means each and every customer of Hyundai considers electronic devices are up to the mark. Y axis representing no. of answers Comparison of customer triumph Findings (1) Majority of the customers of Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai motors are satisfied with the vehicle they have purchased. A very small proportion of them are not satisfied with the vehicle when asked to the highest degree their dissatisfaction most of them said that they are satisfied but not completely satisfied. (2) A good no. of respondents did not find their vehicles give the sack efficient said that their vehicle doesnt give mileage as stated by the company.When an executive of a company was c ontacted he said the reason for the above is not keeping the right air pressure in tires continuous fluctuations in speed. (Acceleration) (3) Both the companies Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai are providing the trump out of the services to the customers through their art of state workshop under one roof. However the reason for dissatisfaction of legitimate customers cannot be found out. Reason may be higher costs of servicing. (4) Since, our research was for small auto section still customers were comfortable with boot space head room of their vehicle.However this is a parameter that is more dependent on height of the person. Therefore it could be said that most of the customers are satisfied. (5) On road assistance is provided by both the companies that too 24 hours through a toll on the loose(p) number. Most of the customers were unaware of any such service they actually asked me what it is. (6) Majority of the customers of Maruti Suzuki prefer to go on long journey in the die sel variants of the vehicles as it is more comfortable and economical. Hyundai owners rarely go for long journey on their own vehicle they too prefer diesel vehicle such as innova, scorpio, etc. 7) Upon analysis of the data collected it is found that vehicles of Maruti Suzuki need lesser maintenance as compared to the vehicles of Hyundai motors. (assumption- oppose running) (8) Customers of Maruti Suzuki do not prefer to change their vehicle. However more than half of the owners of Hyundai are ready to change their vehicles with a similar model of another make. This may be on account of lower fuel efficiency or higher maintenance costs. (9) All the respondents of both the companies were satisfied with the electronic devices provided by the company.A customer of Maruti Suzuki was saying he has been using Maruti since 2002 and havent got any problem with the wiring or anything like that till today. Suggestions Suggestions for Companies. (1) Keep the service costs of the vehicles comp etitive. (2) Spares must be affordable. (3) Stress on RD to maximize customers satisfaction through continuous improvement in the products and services. (4) Training to customers for necessary maintenance. (5) turn over more fuel efficient engines. (6) Maximize the room in the car. (7) Making the interiors even more attractive. (8) increase the number of free services from 4 to 6. 9) Ensure consumer satisfaction. Suggestions for customers (1) Operating the vehicle as it is recommended. (2) Keeping the tyre pressure as it is recommended to get efficiency in fuel consumption. (3) Timely maintenance regular servicing as specified in the manual so as to get best results from the vehicle. (4) Vehicle should be driven by the person who is competent and experienced, a novice may mishandle it. (5) Deciding in advance what they really want in their vehicle then buying this will boost the take of satisfaction derived. Conclusion It was found that majority of the customers were satisfied w ith the vehicle they have chosen.And the small car segment is flourishing in the Indian car market. It is annually growing around 18-20%. However this is due to the favourable availability of loans and finances to the end consumers. This is a great opportunity for the companies to encash by increasing the level of satisfaction they can not only increase their sales volumes but will have satisfied customers as well. Companies are trying their level best to maximize the customers satisfaction by ceaselessly spending on research and development. In the long run this is definitely going to help the company in its revenues as well as its market share and therefore its goodwill.

Two Successful Designers Jonathan lve and Verner Panton Essay Example for Free

Two Successful Designers Jonathan lve and Verner Panton EssayIn this essay I am going to write about Jonathan lve, who succeeded his imagination which do him design and produced products that is utilise regularly by his costumers. I will demonstrate all his products and his latest design, how he was influenced and who did he influence with his great creations.Jonathan Jony ive, born(p) in February 1967. Jonathan Ive was born in Chingford, London. He is English precedent and the Senior Vice President of industrial Design at apple Inc. He is the chief designer of the iMac, aluminium and titanium PowerBook G4, MacBook, unibody MacBook Pro, iPod, iPhone, and iPad. He is instanter a successful vice professorship of the worldwide company, apple. He has been leading the worlds approximately respected engine room designing teams, since 1996.STUDYHe was raised by his teacher father and attended Chingford Foundation take aim then he went on to attend Walton High School in Staffo rd, Staffordshire, next he examine Industrial Design at Northumbria University. Jonathan Ive moved to the United States in 1992 to pursue his career at Apple Inc. since a young age, Jonathan had developed a passion for finding and discovering out how and what things were made out of, and how they were designed.REWARDSIve was the succeeder of the Design Museums first Designer of the Year award in 2002, and won again in 2003. In 2004, he was a juror for the award. Also in 2005, he upgraded to the job of being the vice president and top leading designing for apple.PRODUCTSHe was the designer and producer of the most famous pieces of technology used today. Many of his designs have been produced and change worldwide and used as a daily technology. The most heavy factor he has considered is that all of his products are targeted at a wider range of costumers which increase profit e.g. iPods for teenagers and kids in like manner iPads for working women and men. His products contain iPo d, iPod blend, mac apple laptop, iPhone.The best sold product is i-pod. In September only he sold 12. 010, 27 million I-pod worldwide. The latest design that Jonathan has come up with is the small, portable i-pod shuffle touch.INFUENCESJonathan lve was inspired by the work of Dieter rams and was a big influence in Jonathan lve designs. Dieter rams the 1960s German designer legend whose shapes and forms of von Brauns home electronics line are noticeable in todays Apple products. Some of his designs include Braun shavers, radios and washing machine.In this essay I am going to write about Verner Panton, who succeeded his imagination which made him design and produced products that is used regularly by his costumers. I will demonstrate all his products and his latest design, how he was influenced and who did he influence with his great creations.Verner was born on 13 February 1926, in the hamlet of Gentofte on the island of Funen and died healed 82 on 5september 1998.verner Panton at tended the polytechnic in Odense between 1944 and 1947 before going on to deliberate architecture until 1951 at the royal danish pastry art academy in Copenhagen.During his career, he created innovative and futuristic designs in a variety of materials, especially plastics, and in vibrant colours.DESIGNSHe is considered one of Denmarks most dominating 20th- century furniture and interior designer. His works contain Cone Chair, Peacock, The Panton chair, Verner Panton S-chair model 275 Thanet. These are still sold widely today. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Verner Panton experimented with designing full environments radical and psychedelic interiors that were an tout ensemble of his curved furniture, wall upholstering, textiles and lighting. He is best known for the design of German boats interior, now in a famous museum.INFLUENCESHe was one of which never stops learning as he is influenced by many. maven Poul Henningsen, who was the lighting designer and had taught him at Co penhagens Royal Academy of Art,. Second he worked for Denmarks architectural grandee, Arne Jacobsen. Third he had a close friendship with the designer- craftsman Hans Wegner. He also had close links with many of the most important Danish designer.He influenced with his designs show his skills as he influence on his time and future. The hallmarks of Danish furniture designer Verner Panton are the sculptural grace, the unusual forms, and most important, the colour.

Practical book review Essay Example for Free

Practical book review EssayPetersen breaks guttle the book in five parts . He starts off with part one the value of of lecture balancing listing awhile , talk until the other individual stops hearing , Listen until the person calms enough to hear again. He furthers this in a another chapter. He then moves on to the Flat- header system . He affairs diagrams to explain the different levels of Stomach functions which is where the our emotions are located . This area is were we experience our inner nudges . He also explains how the heart functions , the heart functions as a filter it gives and receives concerns , suggestions, and support. The next function is the head. The functions of the head is thinking, intend , remembering.The next couple of chapters begin to talk astir(predicate) he goes into a deeper understanding of the the flat brain theory until he r to each onees the flat- brain syndrome where he talks about(predicate) how our brains function better in a short f ootball shape. However when our brains are squished it creates a serious defect in our head fiction.he continues to talk about this concept . Part two starts off with the talker attendant process taking turns public lecture and auditory modality. This can and leave determine the role of talker or listener. The talker-listener flyer was introduced and we were provided a actual card to put to use in our personal time. The purpose of this card is to create an atmosphere and role of each persons involved.The card provides instructions on when to talk and when to listen this the opportunity of the talker to without being interrupted and the listener to be attentive to what the talker is talking about. Chapters 8 through 15 go deeper in astuteness of the talker- listener card and its many functions from the talker prescriptive and the listener prescriptive. Part Three Petersen highlights the six talk traps, 1. Ritual listening, 2.Perry Masons( which made me chuckle ) 3. Why? 4. Not ?5. I understand, he goes in depth to jockstrap the reader understand the difference between the five communications traps. He also talks about when trying new things and some of the beliefs that come long with that .When trying new skills you always give way veto reactions such as To much repetition grates, new skills often sound fake, friends and family co-worker hold sound by change. He further part three by discussing basic listening technique . He uses technique such as para- geting ( putting the talkers cutaneous sensess into your words), decoding . He futhers the conversation of wherefore we dont listen better in part five Where you can use TLC( talker-listener card) in group settings . The TLC card can help aide through difficult discussion as well help moderate a two person conversation . In conclusion in part five he states how if you go beyond skill to increase empathy, genuineness and warmth youll work into reservoir of healthy humanness thatll out wheels on y our technique( Pg 210).RESPONDI remember growing up and my mother would ask me how are you? what are thinking about? I would have such a difficult time in expressing my feelings. I felt desire when no one in reality cared about me , and my thoughts. In chapter eleven Petersen talks about the first talker goal sharing your feelings. I now become to a greater extent in tune with what I was teaching. I recently had an encounter with a very close friend and she made the statement Kia you listen to everyone elses problems but you never seem to extend as easy as we do to you. Thats unfair to us as friends. I thought to myself I trust them as friends but sometimes its easier for me to keep my thoughts to my self .However from reading this chapter I understand that it hinders my communication not only with my friends but with others . It puts a stumbling block on me to be control surface and receptive. So I went back to that friend and we went to dinner and I used skittles as prop up we sat down and for every skittle in my hand I had to share my feelings or thoughts on questions she had or asked. I can honestly say that just by having this little prop it extend the door and I was able to release so much that I was holding back from her. I now see the difference of talking and listening she listened attentively and this allowed me to be honest and not feel judged byher or her actions. REFLECTHonestly the thought that popped in my head as I was reading this book was our relationship with Christ. I have said this before but it seems to be more irresponsible . We often talk to Christ and we tell Him all the troubles of our lives and how we need this or we need that.However we often sloppiness the fact that Christ has to something to say to us. I started to reflect on the stories of Jonah , Moses. They did not want to earn the many clues that was present to them throughout their walk so it took spectacular things to happen to them before they got the message. Is nt uniform deity to speak to us In the loudest moments of our lives. In those times of anger and frustration and we miss the grade because we are so loud internally.He took Jonah inside of the fishes belly in order to get the message to him . It took a burning bush to get Moses attention and it took me reading this book to recognize that internally Im so loud that I need to learn how to calm myself down and others to experience me. Could it be that God has to extreme measures sometimes for me to stop and recognize Him? I often am on the go and entreat on the go but I have recognize that in the moments when I feel like giving up or fighting or screaming He speaks quietly and calms my mind , soul, and spirit. He speaks often I guess the question is how much are we really listening ?Silence keeps you abut , talking gets you free, listening brings understandingACTSome of the techniques that I plan on using are the Talker- Listener card . I plan using this in my personal life ,when I have arguments and as well as in just simple conversations when trying to come to an agreement. I intend that this strategy will be helpful in my prayer time . The concept of talking and listening and really allowing God to minster to me as I minster to Him.Another technique I will use and will keep visuals of is the balancing scale of the emotions, heart, judgement or thoughts. Remembering the scale will help offset my conversations in the future especially when it comes to a misunderstanding. I really thank Petersen because I am a visual learner and the pictures put what he was saying in perceptive for me. Another technique that is really important to is remembering the pointing finger. In many conversations I often use my hands to communicate how Im feeling . After reading this section of the book I understand how my hands and fingers can seem more offensive then helping . I will remember this and will try to not use my hands as much in explaining my feelings. I plan incorpor ating the talker- listener card in my early days groups and after school programs. Teaching our youth to the stages of communication now .View as multi-pages

Child Abuse Essay Example for Free

electric razor Abuse EssayIf you were placed in a position were your life was put into danger would you run a risk escaping? This question was asked by Jaycee Dugard everyday during her eighteen year macrocosm held captive. In her memoir A Stolen Life, Jaycee Dugard explains to us why she didnt try to run from her abductor Philip Garrido thus far though she was given so many chances to do so. In intimately websites it is very awkward for victims to passing water their maltreaters control. In the past it was ascend impossible for victims of abduction to relieve oneself away safely on their own. With the realization that We slang seen a significent increase in the number of thru the means of strangers, family or fri culminations (Amber Alert 1). It has been easier to help nipper abduction victims with systems like the Amber Alert system, in time it is still elusive for the victims to move over on their own. Abuse victims along with Dugard also struggle with put o ne overing the strength to allow. Years after Dugard was rescued she says You moldiness find your voice and not be afraid to speak up (Dugard 148). Something she regrets doing while being held captive.In the end the claim that victims of abuse should take to a greater extent responsibility to escaoe their abusers control should be challenges because of the clog to light their abusers control and to gain the strength to leave. Not only do child victims of abuse plug with the control of their abuser, but many adults deal with the same divulge. Many women deal with the challenge of leaving their shameful partner, but fail because of the partner control and power they go over their victims. Many women find it difficult because they remain emotionally and economically dependent on their batterer (Domestic Violence 1). In most marital situations their is a cycle of abuse and the familys life becomes a cycle of violence. The man who was terrifying and intimidating turns into a remor seful, requesty, and dependent man. The woman who was battered then will feel sorry for the man and recommit to him in a fantasized hope that the abuse wont happen again. still the cycle of abuse will begin again, very much becoming worse (Domestic Violence 2). In order to head for the hills this abuse the cycle must be broken. consort to Blich, Stranger kidnapping victimizes more females then males, occurs primarily at outdoor locations, victimizes both teenagers and school-age children, is associated with informal assaults in the case of fille victims (Blich 1). After being abducted children atomic number 18 usually brainwashed and manipulated, gaining the abductor even more control. This is what happened in Dugards situation. Philip Garrido, Dugardsabductor, told her that he was hurting her so he wouldnt have to hurt other flyspeck girls, thereby making Dugard feel that if she did try to leave it would be her fault for the pain he caused others (Dugard 158). In doing so G arrido gained complete control over Dugard. However strong you are most can correspond that it is very difficult to leave somebody you are dependent on, yet it is necessary if you want to go on happily. Therefore the claim that abuse victims should take more responsibility to run for their control is difficult for anyone.Many will argue that citizenry who are abused should take more responsibility to to race from their abuser. In some situations outsiders will argue that we should outsmart our abuser and learn from it making us stronger to leave. According to The Washington Post, They escaped these things not through the efforts of good samaritans, but through recognizing a bad situation and either getting away from it, avoiding it or screaming and kicking to draw attention (St. George 1). This proves that children are up to(p) not responsible. Another argument is that the child who is being abducted should be able to help themselves and escape the situation. The child should do whatever is necessary to stay out of the car, because once the child is in that car, it dramatically reduces the chances of escape (St. George 2).This is a lot of responsibility put onto a young child. How do we expect an eight year-old girl to escape a potential abuser if many forty year-old women slang leave an abuser they have been with for years. During Dugards eighteen year abduction several visuals were taken to show the pain of her loved ones. It can be turn out that many were concerned with her abduction. In the visual Missing published in The Telegraph (2009). We are shown both Dugards mother, Terry Probyn, and step-father, Carl Probyn, they look heartbroken and distressed. Some would argue that with how much Jaycee Dugard knew she was loved, she should of gained enough strength and motivation to escape and go back to invigoration her everyday life. However she was unaware of this while being held captive. The argument that in domestic abuse options are getable to lea ve or available to encourage victims to leave is true, yet difficult.Victims have the option of professional help and gaining awareness of the situation. With the cycle of abuse it is very hard to get to the point were you understand you need the help, then there is the struggle of actually going ahead and doing it. disregarding of the several arguments that people can challenge we have proof from specificsituations like Dugards along with more common issue like marital dispute that without finding overall strength and gaining the courage to escape the abuser control it is impossible to escape and go back to your normal life. Gaining strength is one of the most difficult things to do in life. 1 way we gain strength is having support and happiness. How do we gain strength if we dont have either? This faces millions of people daily who are in abusive relationships. They simply cant find the strength to leave. In Dugards memoir she says although she is unhappy she is too afraid of th e risk of leaving and doesnt have sex how she would be able to take care of herself and her two daughters.One of the reasons I stayed was I wanted my kids to be safe. The outside was scary for me. I was so afraid that if i left or tried to leave and take them both with me I wouldnt be able to protect them (Dugard 276). Even her knowing the fact that if she were to escape successfully her daughters could have a much better life, yet if they werent successful they would have to continue living in hiding in the backyard of Garridos home. She didnt have enough strength to take the risk although the successful end results were so much better then her current situation. In abuse situations victims struggle with the same issue of strength. In amongst the cycle of abuse there is only a depressed gap between the man being violent and the women feeling remorseful and forgiving him. Where gaining the strength in between that small gap is difficult especially when it would need to be regaine d the next time the abuse restarts. Women also have other options.Most women have a supportive family or homes they can go to keep safe. But strength is key and difficult to obtain when one is constantly bringing you down. Although more options are available to leave, like hot-line cards in bathrooms for abuse victims or Dugard being taken into public with the option to run, we need strength to take them. Strength is a necessity to leave making the claim that abuse victims are responsible for leaving their abuser difficult to prove. In conclusion finding the courage to leave an abuser is an unthinkable challenge to those placed in that position. Without finding the strength and escaping the overwhelming control of the abuser its near impossible. As time goes on there becomes more options for abuse to happen or lead to abuse.One in five children ten to seventeen receive unwanted sexual solicitations online (Blich 1), which can lead to a more serious abuse. No matter how different the situationsare the abuse victims suffer through they can relate back to the same struggles. According to Jayvee Dugard after her long term abuse she refers to life straightaway as A light that I thought had been extinguished was coming back to life (Dugard 238). fleck in the position of abuse its difficult to find the strength, but it can be gained again. The difficulty of escaping the abuser will also be difficult. It will remain difficult while recovering from the abuse. The claim that people should take more responsibility to escape their abusers? False.

19th Century English Architecture Essay Example for Free

nineteenth Century English Architecture Essay access* The 19th blow heralded the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, which wrought incomparable socioeconomic and technological changes in England, transforming it into a modern industrial society. This essay examines the impact that these changes have had on the project and construction of two new edifice types, namely the rail line locate and prison. * This essay argues that the institution and construction of railway move in England had to be adapted to the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as widespread rural-urban migration, speedy urban growth and rising affluence in English society. On the pragmatic side, station builders in addition had to look for alternative materials resistant to corrosion from steamer and smoke emitted by locomotives. This essay withal examines the loving changes and penal reforms in 19th century England which caused a shift in societal perspectives towards offensive activity and punishment, and how these wedged the design of tether major prisons at that time.See more than Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essayrailway line StationsDue to the rapid economic growth and development resulting from the Industrial Revolution, many urban areas expand at a dizzying rate as people in the countryside flocked to towns and cities looking for employment. Historian Eric Evans notes that Glasgow grew by 46 percent in the 1810s and Manchester by 44 percent in the 1820s. cordial problems such as overcrowding, over-crowding and crime soon followed.These changes resulted in new functional needs and requirements for buildings. * Prior to the 19th century, trains were primarily make for transporting cargo. At the turn of the century, railway place had to be adapted to cater to the increase in passengers travel through with(predicate) England for work and leisure. They served as terminals and interchanges for many trains from th e different rail companies, as well as wait areas and temporary accommodation for passengers. From an architectural standpoint, they were important buildings because their *construction incorporated all the major architectural movements of the 19th century, in terms of materials, style and structure. * The first English railway station at Crown Street, Liverpool (fig. 1), identical all railway station, was built mainly to provide shelter for its occupants passengers and trains. In addition, the preceding modes of transportation the channel and the century-old turnpike system had specially catered architecture for its passengers inns were used instead as departure points, relay stations and terminals. As there was no precedent for this building type, close to early railway stations, including Crown Street, had their shelters constructed establish on the design of sheds built for cattle and wagon. However, the style of railway station evolved in the mid-19th century, ascribabl e to unprecedented urban growth in cities in England, the increasing loving significance of stations and opposition to railway construction.As railway companies began to expand their networks, more people started moving to the cities. Growth in traffic and migration conduct to overcrowding and congestion in the cities and soon there was a need for a re-evaluation of the station designs. * rail line stations bore social significance in 19th century England as they were iconic landmarks. Driven by the idea that the station was to the modern metropolis what the city gate was to the ancient city, the stations design was the first impression that travellers got of the city/town. Rising affluence among the English ascribable to the industrial pass with flying colors meant that the prevalent would also use the stations design to get a feel of the city and gauge how attractive it was to live in or travel to. One such causa is Euston station, universally lauded by the English public f or its majestic Doric Arch entrance. As rail travel promptly became affordable for the masses in the 19th century, the design of railway stations also had to take into vizor class differences in English society. Therefore, the Crown Street station, and many other stations after it, also had different booking areas/waiting rooms designated for first-class and second-class passengers. * The wide-scale construction of railways throughout England faced more than opposition from many locals, who criticised the pollution, noise and encroachment it made to rural landscapes.Therefore, builders used design and local building materials to absorb railways into the rural scene. Country stations were designed to look like cottages, gate lodges and farmhouses, using materials such as red brick in the Midlands, golden limestone in the Cotswolds and pale grey in Derbyshire. In the mid-19th century, station builders sought to achieve architectural feats due to increasing competition between compa nies. One such example was Paddington (fig.2) which boasted of having the widest single-span train shed at that time to cater to the technical demands of the changes in occupant load and social identity. This became an example for other railway stations which were built after it. At the turn of the mid-19th century, due to a significant increase in new building material production, iron became increasingly available and was more frequently used in architecture. At the same time, railway stations were expanding in size due to increasing demand.Wider-span train sheds were needed to accommodate the growing occupant loads on trains. With the previous effect of works demonstrating the potential of iron in achieving wider-span roofs, railway builders started using it. Wide-span roofs allowed greater flexibility in meet the growing crowd and the alteration of track and platform beneath it. In addition, iron was regarded as the most suitable choice for railway sheds. As timber (the commo n material used before iron) deteriorated cursorily under the exposure to sulphurous steam produced by trains, iron, which was more resistant, was used as a substitute. This is a clear example of station builders adapting their materials to peculiar conditions in rail stations.PrisonsPrisons in England before the 19th century were places of temporary custody, where inmates regardless of age, gender or offence were locked together in a method cognise as congregate confinement. Such confinements were overcrowded and had poor ventilation, lighting and sanitation. Among the inmates, there were ill people, drunkards and lunatics. Due to lack of public funding, prisons were also poorly staffed and inmates welfare was usually neglected. Official statistics show that crime rates rose in the first half of the 19th century, before eventually falling in the second. The rise coincided with the rapid urban growth in the early years, which led to a demand for more prisons to be built, especially in the cities. In fact, 90 prisons were built or added to between 1842 and 1877. Notable prisons during that time include Millbank, Newgate and Pentonville. The design of these three prisons were affected by ongoing social changes and prison reform movements.The 19th century also dictum major reforms to the prison system in England, namely the mass building of large prisons and changes to the treatment of prisoners, due to a shift in societal perspectives. Firstly, severe punishment, often through public execution, became less favoured compared to set punishment proportional to the crime. Secondly, thinkers like Foucault saw prison as a tool for disciplining the offender, for correction and reform. Social reformers like John Howard lobbied for prisoners to be separated according to their gender, crime and health, by solitary confinement and imposition of silence to encourage reflection and penitence among the prisoners. Another social reformer, Jeremy Bentham, conceptualised the Panopticon scheme for a model prison, which consisted of prisoners occupying cells in the circumference of a circular building, allowing fewer guards to survey them from a central observation point.While the design was never implemented in its whole, the key idea of surveillance did take hold in authentic prisons. Millbank prison incorporated this idea by building small storey surveillance towers for its staff from which they could ask round and give information. To deter potential offenders, the architecture style of prisons was adapted to ensure maximum secrecy and slip away the severity of crime. For example, in Pentonville, the imposing Gothic style was used to great effect, with a portcullis entrance and castellation rough the walls, which featured in subsequent prison building. Such barriers kept the public fenced out and sent an unvoiced message about what went on inside. Another example would be the felons door in Newgate which was also untoward and foreboding with ov erpoweringly grim character. Such designs gave prisons their own peculiar appearance, which eventually became recognized by the public.Prison architects also sought to enforce the separation/confinement school of thought in their design of internal arrangements. Large rooms for congregated confinement were replaced with smaller individual solitary confinement cells. Partitions were erected in spaces whereby prisoners were gathered, such as chapels and workshops (fig.X). These designs were imposed to prevent interaction among prisoners and to emphasise penitence. At Newgate, the chapel was designed such that mannish felons, debtors and women would enter it through isolated corridors. The chapel feature was novel for its time, adhering to reformers belief that moral penitence could rehabilitate offenders. In Millbank, prisoners were separated in silent cells and could only graduate to work together in groups through good behaviour.ConclusionThe 19th century is widely seen as the era in which England developed into a modern state, owing to the Industrial Revolution which saw the inception of important inventions such as the steam engine and the development of the railroad and iron industries. Such technological changes also gave rise to socioeconomic changes in England, which affected the style, structure and materials of buildings. Railway stations had to be designed to cope with population growth in urban areas driven by economic development, but also be aesthetically pleasing nearly became iconic landmarks embedded in the public consciousness. The use of materials also had to take into account the practicalities of rail operations.On the other hand, prisons were more affected by social changes and penal reforms arising from public debate over crime and punishment. Prisons were expected to incorporate elements of rehabilitation in addition to punishment. Humanitarian reformers like Bentham and Howard also lobbied for the separation of prisoners sooner than c ongregation confinement. These movements changed the way prisons were designed and built in the 19th century. Both building types changed and evolved greatly in the 19th century not merely because of technological breakthroughs, but due to changing beliefs, values and attitudes in English society, which was going through an era of Enlightenment. Given the far reach of the British Empire then, these changes not only impacted England at that time but also its colonies throughout the world and remain in sight today. 1 . Eric Evans, 2001, The Forging of the Modern State Early Industrial Britain, 1783-1870 by (3rd edition) London Longman Pearson 2 . CarrollL. V. Meeks, 1956, The Railway Station An Architectural History, Yale University Press, USA, Pp. 27 3 . Christian Barman, 1950, An Introduction to Railway Architecture, Art and Technics, London, Pp. 16 4 . * Carroll L. V. Meeks, 1956, The Railway Station An Architectural History, Yale University Press, USA, Pp. 39 5 . The Inceptio n of the English Railway Station 6 . Jack Simmons, 2003, The Impact of the Railway on Society in Britain, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, Pp. 122 7 . E2BN, 2006, Victorian Crime and penalisation from E2BN. East of England Broadband Network. Web. 5 Oct 2012 8 . Robin Evans, 1982. The Fabrication of Virtue English Prison Architecture, 1750-1840. Cambridge University Press, pp 247 9 . John Pratt, 1993. This Is Not a Prison Foucault, the Panopticon and Pentonville. Social Legal Studies December 1993, pp 373-395 10 . Harold D. Kalman, 1969. Newgate Prison. Architectural History, Vol 12 1969. pp.7 11 . Harold D. Kalman, 1969. Newgate Prison. Architectural History, Vol 12 1969. pp.5 12 . David Wilson, 2002. Millbank, Panopticon and their Victorian Audiences. The Howard Journal, Vol 41 No. 4 September 2002. Pp 369

Segment ideas for school brodcast Essay Example for Free

Segment ideas for civilize brodcast Es verify1) The segment would be interviewing people on their favorite movie. The segment is trying to specify the different genres of movies people like. I would accomplish this by interviewing 10 people. I would stage the segment in concert by interviewing the 10 people do an introduction, and putting cool melody in the background. This would be evoke to see because then people wholeow for have a life-threatening sense of what a good movie is and watch it.2) The segment would be if people believed in unicorns or not. This segment would show how many people believe in unicorns. I would accomplish this by interviewing 20 people, do an intro, show 5 interviews, put music in the back and at the end say the ratio of how many people believe in unicorns. This segment would be interesting because students like to emergence a break from all the facts and listen to pointless things.3) The segment would be a poem. This segment result show a something that inspirational. I would accomplish this by looking at poems, picking one, putting it on the screen and having the speaker read and explain what it means. This will be interesting because the students will have something to guess throughout the day to keep them working hard.4) The segment would be a student comedy. This will show the students something that starts their day off good. I would accomplish this by videoing students doing comedy show. I would put the segment together by introducing it then playing the clip of the comedy. This will be interesting to students because in the mornings everyone is tired and express joy will wake them up.5) This segment would be sports. This will show the students how good or bad our sports teams are. I would accomplish this by getting all the data of our sports teams and putting it in a chart. I would put this together by having a person read the sport data while the table is on the screen. This will be interesting to students because we dont always have time to go to all the sport games to see who won, so this way we know if we won or not.6) This segment would be videos of school events. This will show the school events and get more students to attend the events. I would accomplish this by videoing the events. I would put this together by editing the events, and putting music in the background. This will be interesting to student because they will be able to see what they missed in a one-minute video and unavoidableness to come to the next event.7) This segment would be an interesting fact. This will give students information that will thole in their brain. I would accomplish this by picking a fact. I would put this together by putting the fact on the screen and having someone read it. This will be interesting to students because they will learn something they didnt know.

Gospel Parallels Essay Example for Free

Gospel Par eitherels EssayThis is a research report of what I read and studied among the 2 paragraphs in Throckmortons Gospel Parallels Paragraph 6, The Baptism of deliverer, and Paragraph 249, The Crucifixion. This report will note where the parallel religious doctrine differ and where they argon similar. Additionally, you will find interpretations by me of the text critical notes and then Ill patch up which reading is the better one.The Beatitudes Blessed atomic number 18 the poor in spirit, for theirs is the domain of Heaven (Matthew 53). The Beatitudes are a group of sayings by saviour that began with the words, Blessed are, and went on to identify who was goddam and why. It then undefiled with an exhortation. In this first case, the poor in spirit are those who are blessed because they will pull in the kingdom of Heaven. The Beatitudes can only be found in Matthew and Luke, and while they have many similarities, there are as well differences. These help us to dis cover things near the sources used, as well as the blueprint of the author.First of all, one must note that Mark was not used as a source, since the Beatitudes are not found in Mark, yet Matthew and Luke still have many exact or roughhewn phrases. The similarities point to a common source, which we will call Q. However, Matthew and Luke show many differences as well, meaning that they did not simply use source Q. Matthew and Luke each inserted some sort of oral or written usance before writing their own text.Many of the blessings stated in the texts are parallel between the dickens gospels. They both talk ab out(p)(p) the poor as well as the kingdom of Heaven. They talk about those who are hungry and how they will be filled. They withal talk about those who are hated on account of Jesus. Finally, they end with a command to rejoice, for those persecuted will have a great reward in Heaven since the same kind of persecution was done to the prophets.At the same time, however, Mat thew and Luke clearly have different objectives or opinions regarding the text. In Matthew, the poor are the poor in spirit, while in Luke they are simply poor. Similarly, when talking about the hungry, Matthew is referring to those who are spiritually hungry while Luke talks about those who are physically hungry. Also, Matthews amount of Beatitudes is much longer and includes talking about those who are merciful, pure in heart, the peacemaker, and those who are persecuted. Luke leaves these out entirely, probably because Luke was focusing more on the physical well-being of people.What is the reason for these differences? There seems to be an overarching theme that is carried out within both of these books. Matthew focuses on the divinity and suffering/rejection of Jesus. This then shows up within the Beatitudes as Matthew focuses on the spirituality rather than physicality of the believers (poor in spirit verses simply poor), in the same way that he focuses on the divinity rather than physicality of Jesus. In addition, Jesus is portrayed as one who is rejected, which is also a common theme as Matthew talks about the rejection of the believers and how they will be given the kingdom of Heaven.So, secure as Jesus is rejected in Matthew, so will the believers be rejected. Furthermore, it can be seen that Matthew is talking to an audience that wants to incorporate all believers, not just Jews. Matthew very carefully points out that Jesus says, Blessed are those, Blessed are they, Blessed are the, which implies that Jesus is not talking to just those who were gathered at the time before Him (in contrast Blessed are you). Jesus means that anyone is blessed when they do these things.In Luke, the Beatitudes are focused more on those who are in need, a known theme throughout Luke. Here, Jesus is portrayed as one who is concerned for the poor, the marginalized, women, etc. Luke clearly points out in his Beatitudes that Jesus is concerned with those who are in need a nd gives them hope for the future, that they will be filled, lift up the kingdom of Heaven, have reason to leap for joy, etc. This comes just two chapters after Jesus representation statement from Isaiah 61 as He proclaims that He has been anointed to preach good news to the poor. While Luke also wants to incorporate the gentiles into his audience, he does have Jesus saying, Blessed are you, while speaking to the Jewish clump that had gathered around Him.This is no surprise since Luke wants to undertake a more concise and put-together account of Jesus ministry. It seems that he thinks it more likely that Jesus would have addressed his audience directly. It does, however, deviate in the polish line as Jesus says for that is what their ancestors did to the prophets rather than for that is what your ancestors. . . This could perhaps be an argument for Lukes idea of the universality of the church. both(prenominal) of these accounts provide glimpses into Jesus ministry and the heart or direction of the author, and though both contain varying accounts, it seems all the more credible since they were written to a certain audience at a certain time.

Brown V. Louisiana Essay Example for Free

Brown V. lah EssayDuring the mid-sixties, m both African-Americans believed that civil rights should become a study priority. Young civil rights activists brought their cause to the national stage and demanded the federal govern custodyt assist them and help take apart the issues that plagued them. Many of them challenged segregation in the South by witnessing at stores and schools that practiced segregation. Despite the efforts of these groups and Supreme accost rulings that request the desegregation of buses and bus stations, violence and prejudice against African-Americans in the South continued Meyer, F. S. , 1968). In the mid-sixties many things were off limits to African-Americans. They werent revered as equals and suffered greatly because of it. Theres an unfamiliar case to most that took place in Louisiana that helped shaped the use of public facilities for all people. This case is known as Brown v. Louisiana. The Audubon regional Library in Clinton, Louisiana, Pari sh of East Feliciana did not serve blacks. Blacks, at that time, were expected to use nonpareil of twain bookmobiles. The red bookmobile served whites and the blue bookmobile served blacks.On March 7, 1964, ive young African-American males entered the adult reading room and one of the custody, Brown, requested a book called, The Story of the Negro, by Arna Bontemps. The subordinate librarian checked the card inventory and discovered that the library did not have the book. She told Brown that she would request it from the state library and he could both have it mailed to his home address or he could pick it up from the bookmobile. After the men had been given the news about the book they sat down quietly.After the men failed to leave the library, the assistant librarian requested that they go. They did not. Brown sat down while the separates stood nearby. The assistant librarian then went to the read/write head librarian who requested them to leave as well. Again, they did no t. A few moments later, the sheriff arrived and requested that they leave again, and again, they did not. The sheriff arrested them and charged them with the designing to provoke a breach of peace and failure to leave a public building when ordered to do so (Coates, R. , 2005). The five men were tried and found guilty.Brown was sentenced to pay $150 for court of justice costs or spend 90 days in Jail. The four other men were sentenced to $35 for court costs or 15 days in ail. Under Louisiana law, the convictions werent appealable because their requests for discretionary reviews were denied. The Supreme Court apt(p) certiorari. A certiorari is an extraordinary privilege injunction granted in cases that otherwise would not be entitled to review. In writing for the majority, Justice Fortas first examined whether the protesters could be convicted for refusing to leave the library.He concluded that they could not since their protest was peaceful and blacks could not be denied access since whites were allowed inwardly as well. He reviewed the onduct of the men and felt that this had no merit either. The state argued that the men were proving their intent to commove the peace and upset the librarian. Justice Fortas concluded that the arrest was a violation of the mens First and Fourteenth Amendment rights that guaranty freedom of speech and assembly and the right to opposed this opinion and took to issue with the majoritys reasoning.He disagreed that the Constitution prohibits any state from making sit-ins or stand-ups in public libraries illegal. Second, Black argued that the previous breach of the peace cases in Louisiana differed from Brown v. Louisiana. Previously there had been several other situations where there were peaceful demonstrations over judicial practices. Garner v. Louisiana (1961) involved a sit-in at a lunch counter to protest service for whites only. In Taylor v. Louisiana (1962) blacks again protested the presence of bus depot that was f or white customers only.In Coxv. Louisiana (1965) a man led a demonstration near the courthouse and Jail to protest the arrest of other demonstrations. Each of the protests, along with Brown v. Louisiana, was all orderly and peaceful and was over discriminatory practices that denied the protesters rights hat were plightd to them at a lower place the Constitution. Justice Black opposition was joined by three other Justices. They argued that the First Amendment did not guarantee to any person the right to use someone elses property even that owned by the organization and dedicated to other purposes.On Wednesday, February 23, 1966 the decision was made 5 votes for Brown and 4 against him (Coates, R. , 2005). The young men won The Courts ruling in this case, along with the others, proved vital to the Civil Rights struggles and also to the Vietnam War protests that would follow. Indeed, without these rulings the 1960s and early 1970s may have been a completely different period in time , especially when it comes to the Civil Rights movement. In the last line of Justice Blacks opinion in Brown v.Louisiana he wrote The holding in this case today makes it more(prenominal) necessary than ever that we stop and look more closely at where we are going (Meyer, F. S. , 1968). In conclusion, had it not been for demonstrations of this kind, and the Supreme Court granting certiorari there is a strong possibility that none of this would have ever taken place. Oftentimes, it is in a ime of inconvenience and suffering that the Just shall prevail, and I believe this is no different.There is more work to do tho with the Supreme Court being behind you, at least you know its not in vain.

Analysis Of Rayleigh Step Bearings Biology Essay

Analysis Of Rayleigh Step Bearings biology EssayAccording to importance and application of skidder airs in industries, investigation and analysis of this type of objectives argon signifi hind endt and inevitable issue. A widely used military strength type is the slider military strengths with application in many cases such(prenominal) as different types of engines, compressors, turbines, electric motors and electric generators. To ensure that no contact occurs among the opposing surfaces, the dimensions of the go-cart surface atomic number 18 chosen, such that a lubricating substance buck of sufficient oppressiveness is available under all told operating conditions. The classical theory of hydrodynamic lubrication assumes that the inactivity deplumes in the mentally ill convey are negligible. For large flushs utilize low kinematic viscosity lube or for high speed, the inertia wedges could be important. So the inertia equipment casualty should be entered in the calculations. This ontogenys the accuracy of obtained responses and closes them to reliable moderates.Rayleigh bearing is designed in 1918 by Lord Rayleigh. He was first person who considered the concept of optimization design in lubrication applications and obtained an optimal design for an infinite- continuance feelingped bearing by the use of a variation technique (Lord Rayleigh, 1918). Since then, thither reserve been some studies on the characteristics of grade bearings. Dowson (1962) introduced the generalized Reynolds equation, which allows for cross-film temperature variations. Then, this equation illuminated with realistic THD line conditions by Ezzat and Rohde (1973) using the finite difference method. Boncompain, et al. (1986) improved the numerical model by considering reverse string up, fluid-film rupture and elastic deformations (THD solution). Auloge et al. (1983) study the optimum design of Rayleigh step bearing and determined the relationships between step localisation principle and flush along with non-Newtonian lubricating substances. The same method was used by Fillon and Khonsari (1996) in tracing design charts for tilting-pad journal bearings. Jianming and Gaobing (1989) have put ined the optimum design of one-dimensional Rayleigh step bearing with non-Newtonian lubes. Tello (2003) has theoretically study the regularity of the solution to the Reynolds equation in Rayleigh step type bearings for both compressible and incompressible fluids by employing a rigorous mathematical approach. Besides, there are many research works in which the well known Reynolds equation was solved by different numerical schemes in predicting the lubricant drive field in step bearings (Hideki, 2005 Dobrica and Fillon, 2005). Rahmani et al. (2009) comprehensively studied the Rayleigh step slider bearing including the transaction of variations of drive at the boundaries on the optimum parameters. The bearing is in like manner optimized consideri ng the lubricant eat rate, attrition lunge and clank coefficient.In all of the above studies, the Reynolds equation was solve as the governing equation for calculation of lubricant pressure statistical distribution in bearing lubricant flow. This equation is a simplified form of the momentum equation by neglection of fluid inertia terms. It is conk that under the condition of low lubricant viscosity and high setoff surface pep pill, this equation may lead to unreliable results. In the present study which a numeric one, the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved by CFD method with considering the variation of lubricant viscosity with temperature. By this technique the THD characteristics of Rayleigh slider bearings path under different tight conditions are explored.2. PROBLEM DESCRIPTIONThe schematic and coordinate system of Rayleigh slider bearing is shown in Fig. 1. The coffin nail wall of the step bearing moves with constant hurrying U (runner amphetamine). The explosive change in film thickness generates a hydrodynamic pressure field that supports an applied incubus W. At the penetproportionn section, the anele film is entered at 40oC with combination of Poiseuille and Couette flows. The total length of the bearing is and the film thicknesses before and after the step location are and , respectively.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subr exposein.mesh moteghayerPLOTSgeometryasli.wmfFig. 1 Sketch of problem geometrydeuce important geometrical incidentors in step bearings are(1)(2)In these explanations, and represents the bearing length proportion and the bearing top proportion, respectively, which are two important bearing geometrical factors.3. THEORY3.1. Governing equationsFor lubricant flow in bearings, the governing equations which are written for a two-dimensional, steady, incompressible, laminar and variable viscosity flow comprise of the continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations. These equations in non-d imensional forms can be written as(3)(4)(5)(6)Where and represent the dimension little syrupy source terms(7)(8)And is the dimensionless viscous dissipation term(9)Also the dimensionless petroleum viscosity based on Vogel equation can be calculated as follows(10)In this expression, is the temperature-viscosity coefficient of the lubricant. The set of can is determined using two habituated viscosity determine at and as follows (Khonsari and Booser, 2008)(11)In equations 3 to 9, the following non-dimensional groups are used(12)In these definitions, is the thermal diffusivity of the lubricant and is the inlet lubricant viscosity.The main physical quantities of interest in lubrication study are the make full depicted object and friction force that can be computed using the lubricant velocity and temperature fields.The cargo capacitor of the step bearing per unit of measurement width is obtained by further integration of lubricant pressure distribution on the runner surface as f ollows(13)The friction force of the step bearing per unit width is calculated by the shear stress on the bottom wall as follows(14)Where(15)3.2. saltation conditionsThe entire domain is fully flooded, such that oil pressure at the inlet and wall socket sections of the bearing is set to zero atmospheric gauge pressure. Also the no-slip condition is employed on all boundary solid walls.At the inlet section, oil enters into bearing with uniform temperature of and a specified velocity distribution which is a combination of the poiseulle and cuette flows whose pressure gradient is determined by numerical solution of the Reynolds equation. At the outlet section, zero axial gradients for all dependent variables are employed. Finally, the adiabatic condition is imposed on all of the bearing solid surfaces.4. SOLUTION PROCEDUREFinite difference forms of the continuity, momentum and energy equations were obtained by desegregation over an elemental cell volume with staggered control volumes for the x- and y- velocity components. Other variables of interest were computed at the control grid nodes. The nondimensionalized governing equations were discretized by using the hybrid scheme and numerically solved by the SIMPLE algorithmic rule of Patankar and Spalding (Patankar and Spalding, 1972). Numerical solutions were obtained iteratively by the line-by-line method progressing in axial direction. The iterations were terminated when the sum of the absolute residuals was less than for each equation. Numerical calculations were performed by writing a computer program in FORTRAN.mesh asli11Fig. 2 A schematic of grid generationAs shown in emblem 2, the computational domain is divided into triad blocks, each having Nx points in x-direction and Ny points in y-direction. The mesh is non-uniform in x- and y- directions, because the grid refinement around the step is requisite to capture the occurrence of the recirculation and other flow changes due to the sudden change in ge ometry. As the result of grid tests for obtaining the grid-independent solutions, an optimum grid is determined in grid study. Five different numbers of grid size inside the total rectangular computational domain including the blocked-off region with their related numerical results are listed in Table 1. According to this grid study, an optimum grid of 640120 is used in all of the resultant test cases.Table 1 Grid independent study,Grid sizeBearing friction force (KN/m)Bearing incumbrance capacity (KN/m)450800.23116.455401100.21717.175901100.23117.486401200.23917.516801400.24117.525. VALIDATION OF NUMERICAL RESULTSTo test the validity of the present numerical results, computations were carried out for a test case and the computed results were compared with the theoretical findings by other investigators. The lubricant pressure distribution on the bottom wall and the temperature distribution on the top wall of the Hideki bearing (Hideki, 2005) are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respective ly.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayer substantiation with Ogata(temprature)Plot validation with OgataCJS.wmfFig. 3 Lubricant pressure distribution on the bottom wall of theHideki bearing (Hideki, 2005),The generated hydrodynamic pressure by the sudden contraction in flow domain is clearly seen in Fig. 3, such that at the entrance of narrow gap of the bearing, the uttermost lubricant pressure occurs, and at the inlet and outlet sections, lubricant flow in at atmospheric pressure (zero gauge pressure).DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayervalidation with Ogata(temprature)Plot validation with OgataCJS temp.wmfFig. 4 Temperature distribution on the top wall of theHideki bearing (Hideki, 2005),Fig. 4 shows that the lubricant temperature growths along the flow direction because of the viscous dissipation in both domains upstream and downstream of the step. Such that, the rate of temperature increase in upstream region to the step is very great er than that is in downstream domain. It is due to this fact that the viscous dissipation in lubricant flow with small film thickness is high in equivalence to lubricant flow with large film thickness. However, good consistencies are observed between the present numerical results with theoretical findings by Hideki (Hideki, 2005) nearly computations of both lubricant pressure and temperature distributions.6. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONIn this research work, the THD characteristics of Rayleigh step bearings are obtained by numerical solution of the Navier-Stocks and energy equations using the CFD technique. An attempt is do for obtaining the hearts of important parameters including the runner surface velocity, bearing length ratio and bearing cover ratio on thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of Rayleigh step bearings. All of the subsequent blueprints are about a Rayleigh step bearing whose properties and geometrical parameters are given in Table 2.Table 2 Bearing parameters and lubri cant propertiesParametersUnitsValues in present workbm0.08-0.12h1m480Um/s10-30Tin40860Cp2000Kf0.13 at 40 C0.03 at 100 C0.00450.28-0.981.2-2.5First the oil flow pattern inside the bearing is shown in figure 5 by plotting the fluid velocity vectors. The adverse pressure gradient in the upstream flow domain before the step location which leads to hydrodynamic pressure generation causes a concave shape for velocity distribution. Such that the velocity distribution changes to convex shape after the step where there is a favorable pressure gradient. Behind the step surface near to the stationary wall, a circulated flow domain happens which is due to the effects of both viscous friction and positive pressure gradient in this region. As another result that can be seen from Fig. 5, one can notice to almost stationary flow region in block 1 (see Fig. 2). Therefore, the lubricant average velocity across blocks 2 and 3 remains approximately constant.CUserszahraDesktopUntitled.pngFig. 5 Velocity vectors in step bearing lubricant flow,In Fig. 6, the lubricant pressure distributions along the bottom wall at five different values for the runner surface velocity are shown. It is seen that the velocity of moving surface has considerable effect on the value of generate hydrodynamic lubricant pressure, such that oil pressure has an increase trend by increase in velocity under a unique pattern.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of PKcompare of speed runner.pkspeed runner.wmfFig. 6 gear up of runner surface velocity on lubricant pressure distributionalong the bottom wall,A similar study is done for investigating the effect of runner velocity on thermal behaviour of step bearing in Fig. 7. It is seen in this figure that bearings with high runner surface velocity operate under high temperature condition. Besides, it is depicted in Fig. 7 that in both domains before and after the step, lubricant temperature increases along the flow direction becaus e of the viscous dissipation. Also, it is seen that the oil temperature at the outlet section is affected strongly by the runner velocity, such that the bearings with high velocity have high temperature lubricant flow at their outlet sections.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of TPcompare speed of runner.TpTshaftTshaft.wmfFig. 7 subject of runner surface velocity on lubricant temperature distributionalong the bottom wall,DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of PKcompare of epsilonepsilon.wmfFig. 8 Effect of bearing length ratio on lubricant pressure distributionalong the runner surface,The lubricant pressure distributions along the runner surface at four different values of the bearing length ratios are illustrated in Fig. 8. It is evident that the location of maximum pressure moves toward the downstream side by increasing in bearing length ratio, because the step location moves toward this sense when increases. Besides, it can be set from Fig. 8 that there is an optimum value for bearing length ratio to obtain the most value for lubricant maximum hydrodynamic pressure. It is depicted in Fig. 8 that this value for bearing length ratio in this test case is. Therefore, is an important parameter in step bearings that has great effects on lubricant pressure and consequently in bearing load capacity.The effect of bearing length ratio of thermal behavior of step bearing is studied in Fig. 9 by plotting the lubricant temperature distributions on the runner surface for bearings with different length ratios. This figure shows that the effect of on temperature distribution is less than its effect of the hydrodynamic lubricant pressure. However, this figure depicts that bearings with length ratio greater that run cooler than the bearings with small less than.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of TPcompare of epsilonCompare Tshaft of epsilonTshaft.wmfFig. 9 Effect of bearing length ration on lubricant temperature distributionalong the runner surface,The variations of lubricant maximum pressure and temperature with bearing length ratio are presented in Fig. 10. This figure reveals the same trends for THD characteristics of step bearing those have been shown in the previous figures.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Epsilon moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of ep.P.T.wmfFig. 10 Variations of lubricant maximum pressure and lubricant maximum temperaturewith bearing length ratio,In order to study more about the effect of bearing length ratio on THD characteristics of step bearings, the variations of bearing load capacity and friction force with are plotted in Fig. 11.This figure presents that there is a maximum value for load capacity that takes place at=0.718. Besides, it is revealed from Fig. 11 that in bearings with high length ratio, low friction force exists in comparison to bearings with small values for .Dpaya nameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Epsilon moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of ep.w.f.wmfFig. 11 Variations of load capacity and friction force with bearing length ratio,Similar study is in any case done for investigating the effect of bearing height ratio on THD characteristics of step bearings by plotting the lubricant pressure and temperature distributions and also the variations of load capacity and friction force with various values of the parameter . According to Figs. 12 and 13, it is revealed that the values of lubricant pressure and temperature increase by increasing in bearing height ratio.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of PKcompare of ksiksi.wmfFig. 12 Effect of bearing height ratio on lubricant pressure distributionalong the runner surface,DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of TPcompare of ksiCompare Tshaft of kesiTshaft.wmfFig. 13 Effect of bearing height ration on lu bricant temperature distributionalong the runner surface,This behavior is also presented by Fig. 14 in which the variations of maximum lubricant pressure and temperature are plotted with bearing height ratio. It is seen that both and have increasing trends with increase in the value of , such that the rate of increase in maximum temperature is greater than that is in maximum pressure.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Kesi moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of ksi.P.T.wmfFig. 14 Variations of lubricant maximum pressure and lubricant maximum temperaturewith bearing height ratio,Fig. 15 shows a similar trend for bearing load capacity and friction force with the variation of height ratio. Such that it is seen in this figure that both load capacity and friction force increase with increasing in bearing height ratio.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Kesi moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of ksi.W.F.wmfFig. 15 Variations of loa d capacity and friction force with bearing height ratio,In the following figures, an attempt is made to control the influences of bearing length, b, on the THD characteristics of step bearings.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of PKcompare of length bearingcpmpare b.wmfFig. 16 Effect of bearing length on lubricant pressure distributionalong the bottom wall,DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Lenght moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)TshaftTshaft.wmfFig. 17 Effect of bearing length on lubricant temperature distributionalong the bottom wall,It is seen from Figs. 16 to 19 that in long bearings, the values of lubricant pressure and temperature and consequently the amounts of maximum pressure and temperature are high that leads to have high bearing load capacity and bearing friction force.DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Lenght moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of length.p,T.without point.wmfFig. 18 Variations of lubricant maximum pressure and lubricant maximum temperature with bearing length,DpayanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Lenght moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of length.w,f.without point.wmfFig. 19 Variations of load capacity and friction force with bearing length,7. resultantThis paper deals a numerical study for investigating the THD characteristics of Rayleigh step bearings running under different steady conditions. The set of governing equations consisting of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations is solved by the CFD technique and the variation of lubricant viscosity with temperature is also considered into account. This mathematical model and numerical method lead to more accurate numerical results in comparison to those obtained before by other investigation with numerical solution of the Reynolds equation that neglects the fluid inertia terms. It is put up that the thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of step bearing are affected considerably by the runner surface velocity and the bearing geometrical factors.NomenclatureBbearing lengthdimensionless velocity componentsupstream bearing lengthload capacity of bearingdownstream bearing lengthhorizontal and vertical coordinatesCp vex capacitydimensionless coordinatesfriction force of bearingupstream film thicknessGreek symbolsdownstream film thicknessfriction coefficientstep heightmodified friction coefficientKfthermal conductivitydynamic viscositywidth of bearingdimensionless dynamic viscosityorigin of coordinate1dynamic viscosity atpressure2dynamic viscosity atpressure at the inletkinematic viscositypressure at the outletdensitydimensionless pressureshear stressPrPrandtl numberPePeclet numberSubscriptsReReynolds numberfluidTemperatureinletTininlet temperaturemaximumdimensionless temperaturesurfacerunner velocityvelocity components